Semaglutide works on GLP-1, a hormone your gut releases when you eat that tells your brain you have had enough. Tirzepatide works on GLP-1 and on a second hormone called GIP at the same time. That extra target is the whole difference, and it is why the two produce different average results.
In the only large trial to test them directly, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, 751 adults took one or the other for 72 weeks. Tirzepatide produced an average loss of 20.2 percent of body weight against 13.7 percent for semaglutide, roughly 22.8 kilograms against 15.0. Around 31 percent of the tirzepatide group lost at least a quarter of their starting weight, against 16 percent on semaglutide. Results vary considerably between individuals.
Two things that trial does not settle. It compared the branded products at their maximum tolerated doses, so it describes the molecules rather than any particular pharmacy's preparation. And a better average is not a better answer for one person: tolerance, history and cost all move the decision, which is why a prescriber makes it with you rather than a table making it for you.